Cambridge Style for Political Science

Footnotes

In-text

The Cambridge system makes use of footnotes - full bibliographical details about an item are recorded at the foot of the page on which it is first mentioned, as well as the particular page or pages which are relevant.

Footnotes are indicated by placing a raised footnote number, in the text. E.g.
"...an opposing view¹² has assumed that..."

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively and placed at the bottom of the page.

First reference

The first reference should contain all the bibliographic information necessary to identify it. These details should then be followed by the page number or numbers of the quotation or specific reference.

12. John S. Western, Social Inequality in Australian Society, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1983, p. 99.

Subsequent reference

A work that has been cited in full in the immediately previous footnote on the same page, use ibid..

12. John S. Western, Social Inequality in Australian Society, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1983, p. 99.

13. ibid, p. 113.

A work that has been cited in full but cited more than one footnote back:
rewrite the authors name and provide a shortened reference that is unambiguous:

12. John S. Western, Social Inequality in Australian Society, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1983, p. 99.

13. ...

14. John S. Western, Social Inequality, p. 121.

More than two authors

Where there are more than two authors of a given work, the abbreviation et al. may be used:

15. Robert L. Kahn et al., Organizational Stress, New York, Random House, 1964, p. 15.