Vancouver (numbered) style

Indicating references in-text

This is done by placing a citation number in the text. (Also applies to references in tables and figures.)

Citation numbers

1. Arabic numbers assigned to each reference as it is cited.
   i.e. the first reference is assigned the number 1, the second is assigned the number 2 and so on.
2. Assigned numbers are reused each time that reference is cited.
3. Identified by either...
   • superscripts. eg "...was the most significant.⁴"
   • OR round brackets. eg "...was the most significant.(4)"
   • OR square brackets. eg "...was the most significant.[4]"
4. (Generally) placed...
   • OUTSIDE full stops and commas. eg "...was the most significant.[4]"
   • INSIDE colons and semicolons. eg "...had asserted[4] : further research..."
5. Multiple references when cited...
   • if inclusive numbers: joined by hyphen. e.g. [2-5]
   • if non-inclusive: separated by commas (without spaces). e.g. [2,4,7,10]