Vancouver (numbered) style

Reference Lists

A reference list should...

• include all (directly quoted or paraphrased) sources cited in the essay/report/assignment
• have the entries listed numerically (same order that they are cited in the text)

A bibliography should...

• include all sources consulted, whether or not they are directly quoted or paraphrased in the essay/report/assignment
• have the entries listed alphabetically by author or (where no author is given) by title.

Sample reference list

(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

(2) The Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow Transplantation Team. Failure of syngeneic bone-marrow graft without preconditioning in post-hepatitis marrow aplasia. Lancet 1977;2:242-4.

(3) Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas (Editorial). Br Med J 1981;283:628.

(4) Eisen HN. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1974.

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973, p. 12-8.

(6) Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathogenic properties of invading micro-organisms. In: Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, editors. Pathologic physiology: mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1974, p. 457-72.

(7) Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Reinhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1992, p. 1561-5.

(8) Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996.

(9) Kelly P. Medicare could benefit from government plan. The Australian 1999 Aug 15;Sect. C:1-2.

(10) CDATA 96 with MapInfo professional: census 1996 [Computer file]. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 1997.

(11) Summers R, Sproles ET, Davis G. Asthma [Videorecording]. New Orleans: Louisiana State University Medical Television; 1979.

(12) BIOSIS. Thesaurus used in Zoological Record. Available at: URL:http://www.biosis.org/. Accessed Jul 30, 2003.

(13) Kilmartin M. Women in GP: a strategy for women GPs. RACGP Online. Available at: URL:http://www.racgp.org.au/. Accessed Jul 30, 2003.

(14) Brun M, Reynouarda JM, Jezequel L. A simple shear wall model taking into account stiffness degradation. Engineering Structures [serial online] 2003 Jan [cited 2003 Jul 30];25(1):1-9. Available from: URL:http://buddy.lib.unimelb.edu.au

(15) Garfinkel PE, Lin E, Goering P, Dausset J, Colombani J, Swartz MN. et al. Should amenorrhoea be necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? Br. J. Psych [serial online] 1996 Apr [cited 1999 Aug 17];168(4):500-506. Available from: URL:http://biomed.niss.ac.uk

Rules for citing sources

Authors

Book:
(4) Eisen HN. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1974.

Journal article:
(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• Example #1: Eisen HN.
  Example #2: Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B.
  Format: surname (1 space) initials (no spaces or punctuation between initials).
  • Between each name: a comma and (1 space).
  • The last author: a full-stop after their initial(s).
  • Up to 6 authors: list all authors.
  • 7 or more authors: list the first 6 and add "et al".

e.g. Hochberg FH, Croker MN, Lin EG, Reynouarda JM, Gordon DLA, Jezequel LV et al.

Title

Book:
(4) Eisen HN. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1974.

Journal article:
(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• Example #1: Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response.
  Example #2: Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease.
  Format: title (full-stop, 1 space).
  • Do not use italics or underlining.
  • Only the capitalise the first word (and words that normally begin with a capital letter).

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Rules for citing books

Editors

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973, p. 12-8.

• Dausset J, Colombani J, editors.
  Format: as for "Authors" and add editors (full stop)

Edition

(4) Eisen HN. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1974.

• 5th ed.
  Format: edition statement (fullstop, 1 space).
  • Only if other than first edition.
  • Abbreviate the word "edition" to "ed." (Do not confuse with editor.)

Place of publication

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973, p. 12-8.

• Copenhagen:
  Format: place of publication (colon, 1 space) and write the place name in full.
  If...
  • publisher is located in more than one city: cite the city that is printed first.
  • place name is not well known: add a comma, 1 space and the state/country for clarification.
  • USA publication: after the place name, add the 2 letter postal code for the state in upper case.
    eg. Hartford, CN:

Publisher

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973, p. 12-8.

• Munksgaard;
  Format: publisher (semi-colon, 1 space) and publisher's name should be spelt out in full.

Year of publication

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973.

• 1973.
  Format: year (full-stop)

Page numbers

(5) Dausset J, Colombani J, editors. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1973, p. 12-8.

• p. 12-8.
  Format: year (comma, add 1 space) then p (full-stop, 1 space) page numbers (full-stop).
  Do not repeat digits unnecessarily - abbreviate.

Series title and individual volume

• (Series on advances in mathematics for Applied Sciences; vol 95).
  Format: Series title (semi-colon, 1 space) vol (1 space) volume number
  • Put in brackets.
  • Abbreviate the word "volume" to "vol".
  • Full-stop outside brackets.

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Rules for citing journals

Journal title

(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• Ann Intern Med
  Format: journal title abbreviation (1 space).
  • No punctuation is used in the abbreviated* journal name.
  • *A list of abbreviations can be found at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov

Date of publication

(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• 1996 Jun 1;
  Format: (1 space) month (1space) day (semi-colon, no space)
  Abbreviate the month to the first 3 letters.
• OR 1996;
  Format: year (semi-colon, no space)
  Omit month/day information for journals with continuous page numbering through volume.

Volume number

(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• 124(11):
  Format: volume number (no space) issue number in brackets (colon, no space)
• OR 124:
  Format: volume number (colon, no space)
  Omit issue information for journals with continuous page numbering through volume.

Page numbers

(1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.

• 980-3.
  Format: page numbers (full-stop)
  Do not repeat digits unnecessarily - abbreviate.