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Personal communication

Personal communication may include (but is not limited to) email, fax, interview, conversations, lectures, speeches, telephone conversations and letters.

In-text citation

Name of the person interviewed or source of communication, year, communication type, day, month. Additional information may include details of the organisation that the person represents.

For example - In text citation

In an email dated 6 May 2011, Ms C Jones wrote “the crime was committed during daylight hours.”
OR
It was confirmed recently that the crime was committed during daylight hours (C Jones 2011, pers. comm., 6 May).

Style Notes

Personal communication is not included in the Bibliography – rather, the details are provided as an in-text citation. An exception to this is if the assignment is based mainly on personal communication.
The initials of the person precede the family name in citations of personal communication.
The Library recommends you check with your lecturer to ensure they allow you to use these types of sources in your assignments

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Personal communication

In-text citation

For example - In text citation

Style Notes